Clamp meters working principle instrumentation tools. Principles are ways of successfully dealing with reality to get what you want out of life. The conductivity meter then uses the conductance and cell constant to display the conductivity. Pressure drop devices based on bernoulli principle a venturi b orifice plate c pitot tube 2. The upstream side of the orifice plate usually has a sharp, square edge facing into the flow. The alternatives for bridge circuits anderson loop 112 3. The basics of digital multimeters ideal electrical. Always feel free to ask your ta for help if you are unsure about the.
The book is divided into two parts that explain the topics measurements and instrumentation. Working principle of voltmeter and types of voltmeter. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Introduction to pneumatics and pneumatic circuit problems. A multimeter can be used to measure electrical functions such as voltage, current, resistance, continuity and some are able to measure electrical frequency. Electrical energy meters principles and applications. Digital multimeter working principle electrical a2z. What to look for in a multimeter and how to use a multimeter to measure voltage, current, resistance and continuity. The digital multimeter is an instrument which is capable of measuring a. One of the definitions of a principle is that it is a basic belief, theory or rule that has a major influence on the way in which. This fluke product will be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year from the date of.
Utilities are one of the electrical departments, which install these instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator, and other home appliances. Explain the basic working principles of a variety of flow meters. Everything electrical how to use all the functions on your. This is a discussion of the basic principles behind grounding systems and how grounding is related to safety and the effective operation of circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers. Pdf an approach to the design of a digital multimeter based on the use of dual slope adc is described in this paper. Types of energy meters and their working principles elprocus. Sawhney and puneet sawhney, is a comprehensive course book for engineering students. Multimeter working principle your electrical guide. One of the basic principles or postulates in the processing of. A multimeter is a useful tool that helps us finding the positive and negative side of the power supply. It is also known as the voltmeter or ohm meter or volt ohm meter. In 2008, the installed cost of a residential pv system in the united states typically ranged.
The standard and basic measurements performed by multimeter are the measurements of amps, volts, and ohms. A multimeter, shown in figure 1, is a device used to measure two or more electrical quantities. The following animation shows how a radioenergy pulse travels down and then up the wave guide of a guidedwave radar level instrument, relating the peaks on an echo curve to. In most houses, we have water tanks that are filled for regular and daily use of water. Connect the two ends of the resistive wire l to the battery terminals as shown below. The mechanism and working of this instrument are mentioned in this video.
Reconnect power to the block and read the voltage on the meter. Students should download above file and unzip in on hisher computer. The orifice plate has a tab or printed label on one side where the specifications for the plate are stamped. Working energy kinetic energy and pressure results in a. Use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. Download a course in electronic measurements and instrumentation by a. When working with electronics, it seems you never have enough hands to hold. At the bottom of the probe there is a bulb,the bulb is sensitive part of a probe that contains the sensor. You can see the wave icon in the top right as expected. Please check your inbox to verify your email address. Em6438em 6436 dual source energy meter documents and. Theory overview of flow measurement using differential.
This adapted edition is produced by the university of minnesota libraries publishing through the elearning support initiative principles of management teaches management principles to tomorrows business leaders by weaving. This guide, clamp multimeter how to use for dummies is an illustrated guide on measuring current on a wire of a gadget. In a pneumatic system, energy is stored in a potential state under the form of compressed air. The probe is a key part of a ph meter,it is a rod like structure usually made up of glass. To view, print, or download the latest manual supplement, visit.
Principles of management is adapted from a work produced by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. The multimeter is a common multipurpose instrument used to measure electrical quantities in a circuit. Concentration in most solutions, the concentration of solute in a solvent can be determined by measuring the refractive index n d. The relation between the refractive index and the concentration depends on the. This meter also displays ol ive noticed that nicer meters do this. Web to pdf convert any web pages to highquality pdf. Connect the red test lead to the hot side of the block and the black lead to the neutral side of the block. Explain the basic working principles of a variety of force gauges. Automatic water level controller working principle 3 types.
Digital multimeter working principle analyse a meter. Pdf an approach to the design of a digital multimeter based on the use of dualslope adc is described in this paper. The basic principle of the ph meter is to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions. Iso 9000, iso 9001 and related iso quality management standards are based on these seven qmps.
A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure. Energy meter or watthour meter is an electrical instrument that measures the amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. So it is a measuring instrument which measures the potential difference between the two points working principle of voltmeter. Introduction to basic electronics, electronic components and projects. All multimeters measure ac and dc voltage voltmeter, ac and dc current ammeter, and resistance ohmmeter. Digital multimeter is a test equipment which offers several electronic measurement task in one tool. Pdfland shares download links to free pdf books and free ebooks that available online without any complaint such as public domain stuff. The zip file contains labview vis and other files which will be used in some of the experiments during the course.
Everything electrical how to use all the functions on your multimeter kindle edition. Digital multimeter working principle electrical academia. So we have three parts in next three parts under three sub headers how to use, which to buy, how a clamp multimeter works. Unlike the other meter, this one displays ohms see the symbol on the right of the display. Explain the basic working principles of a variety of pressure sensors. Together, they form a magnetic core during measurements. A multimeter ora multitester, also known as a voltohm meter or vom is, an. Sawhney a course in electrical and electronic measurements and instrumentation, authored by a. Clamp meters using current transformer for ac measurement current transformer clamp meters are equipped with rigid jaws of made of ferrite iron. After calibrating voltage, the meter can be calibrated in terms of ohms. Never touch the bulb by hand and clean it with the help of an absorbent tissue paper with very soft hand,being careful not to rub the tissue against. The main principle of voltmeter is that it must be connected in parallel in which we want to measure the voltage. A second terminal block between the current transformer and the meter simplifies service work. When measurements are performed with upstream transformers, the displayed energy value must be multiplied by the transformation.
Transistor voltmeter, block diagram, principle of operation, various types of electronic voltmeter, digital frequency meter. Modern precision multimeter measurements putting theory to the. Mike holts illustrated guide to basic electrical theory 3rd edition. Block diagram, principle of operation text books 1. A summary of system types and components is given so the builder will know what to expect to see in a design submitted by a subcontractor or pv designer.
Voltmeter working principle if an ammeter is of dc type, then it has polarity signs on it for ensuring appropriate connection for an upscale indication. Both the current and the potential are used to calculate the conductance iv. Ammeter definition and working principle electrical. We have explained the working principle and buying guide too. The jaws are individually wrapped by coils of copper wire.
Digital multimeter there are two main types of multimeters. How can the working principle of digital multimeter be. Potentiometers and comparators 114 references 118 4. Set up the meter following the steps under measurement procedure on page. A multimeter is a permanent magnet moving coil galvanometer. Solar electric system design, operation and installation. In particular, conventional current flows into the positive terminal for an upscale meter deflection as shown in above figure. Block diagram, principle of operation, accuracy of measurement, electronic voltmeter. The pickwick papers pdf, epub and kindle free download. Automatic water level controller working principle w. A ph meter provides a value as to how acidic or alkaline a liquid is. We will switch the water motor on and keep track of. Water is a gift from the gods and it shouldnt be wasted. There is an iron cored coil pivoted on two jeweled bearings.
How a ph meter works a ph meter is actually quite a complicated device. Tutorial and guide on how to troubleshoot, find faults and problems and how to repair any mobile cell phone of any brand including iphone, blackberry, nokia, samsung, htc, china mobile phone etc. The input jacks or ports of your meter are the working ends of the instrument. The orifice plate is basically a thin metal plate 1. If you face any problem with downloading or any of the links do not work, then contact us and we will. A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a vom voltohmmilliammeter, is an electronic. And this coil is free to rotate in the field of a permanent magnet. The potentiometer consists of a long resistive wire l made up of magnum or with constantan and a battery of known emf v.
Although a shareholder of acweeco, mr macadie continued to work for the post office. Principles of electrical grounding john pfeiffer, p. Technical note 12, differential pressure mass flow meter, rev. As shown in the block diagram, in a typical digital multimeter the input signal i. The basic circuit of a digital multimeter is always a d. The conductivity meter a typical conductivity meter applies an alternating current i at an optimal frequency1 to two active electrodes and measures the potential v. Some can also measure other electrical quantities such as frequency or even temperature. Often these are different devices attached with a cable, as shown in figure 1 for a meter and probe sold by american marine pinpoint brand. However, after reading, this ebook, and how to find electrical shorts and. On the multimeter s rotary selection knob we see different sections for measuring voltage volt meter, current am meter and resistance ohm meter, hence the name.
A digital multimeter dmm is an instrument that can measure several basic electrical quantities and shows the measurement with a number in a display. One of the first and oldest multimeters is theanalog meter, figure 2 and the other, now more widely used meter is the digital multimeter figure 1. Explain the basic working principles of a variety of speed transducers. To use the multimeter as a voltmeter, put leads into the com jack and the v jack. The use of the internet as a tool for developing remote error free. Potentiometer construction, working and applications. The current is converted to voltage by passing it through low shunt resistance. For businessexclusive pricing, quantity discounts and downloadable vat. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Integrating adcs work best in highaccuracy, fine resolution. We provide free training courses and study material related to boilers and mechanical power plants oil and gas petroleum books.
985 1314 1370 1186 508 578 1297 387 1041 1360 896 1539 325 933 1177 556 688 638 1021 284 1061 770 80 111 213 1355 388 1381 818 527 980 717 153 1342 331 31 1087 1177